What process do ribosomes perform by translating mRNA and using tRNA to assemble amino acids into a polypeptide?

What process do ribosomes perform by translating mRNA and using tRNA to assemble amino acids into a polypeptide?

• A. Transcription
• B. Translation
• C. Replication
• D. Mutation

Answer: (A)

Translation is the process being described. Here, ribosomes read the message carried by mRNA and use transfer RNA to bring in the correct amino acids. Each tRNA matches a codon on the mRNA with its anticodon, ensuring the amino acids are added in the right order. The ribosome then links these amino acids together with peptide bonds, forming a growing polypeptide chain that becomes a protein after folding. Transcription, by contrast, is the copying of DNA into messenger RNA and is not carried out by ribosomes. Replication copies DNA itself, and mutation refers to a change in the DNA sequence.

Translation is the process being described. Here, ribosomes read the message carried by mRNA and use transfer RNA to bring in the correct amino acids. Each tRNA matches a codon on the mRNA with its anticodon, ensuring the amino acids are added in the right order. The ribosome then links these amino acids together with peptide bonds, forming a growing polypeptide chain that becomes a protein after folding.

Transcription, by contrast, is the copying of DNA into messenger RNA and is not carried out by ribosomes. Replication copies DNA itself, and mutation refers to a change in the DNA sequence.